See faluz on Wiktionary
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"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "velheit"
},
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"[± 1340",
"Minnereden]",
"or from Middle Dutch?"
],
"sense": "wickedness",
"word": "felheit"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"[± 1340",
"Minnereden]",
"reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French"
],
"sense": "cruel, heartless, evil",
"word": "vel"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*feli"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "velheit"
},
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"[± 1340",
"Minnereden]",
"or from Middle Dutch?"
],
"sense": "wickedness",
"word": "felheit"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"[± 1340",
"Minnereden]",
"reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French"
],
"sense": "cruel, heartless, evil",
"word": "vel"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*fel"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*falu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pelh₁-",
"t": "to fear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁- (“to fear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*polšiti",
"t": "to scare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fæla",
"t": "to frighten"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fæla (“to frighten”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. From the same root as *fēlaz (“terrifying”) (which see for more detail), possibly Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁- (“to fear”), found also in Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”), *pȏlxъ (“afraid; fearful, timid”) and Old Norse fæla (“to frighten”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "faluz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "falī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "falų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "falų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "falis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "falis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "falini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "falini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "falinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "falinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "West Germanic"
},
"expansion": "(West Germanic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/faluz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"terrible; cruel; bad; baleful"
],
"id": "en-faluz-gem-pro-adj-QVSzSmtN",
"links": [
[
"terrible",
"terrible"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"baleful",
"baleful"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "fēlaz"
},
{
"word": "fēlijaną"
}
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸɑ.luz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑ.luz"
}
],
"word": "faluz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fell"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fell"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French fel"
],
"sense": "wicked, treacherous",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "ælfæle"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "all-cruel",
"word": "ealfelo"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "slaughter-cruel",
"word": "wælfel"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "*fæle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fell"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fell"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French fel"
],
"sense": "wicked, treacherous",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "ælfæle"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "all-cruel",
"word": "ealfelo"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "slaughter-cruel",
"word": "wælfel"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "*felo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fell"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fell"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French fel"
],
"sense": "wicked, treacherous",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "ælfæle"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "all-cruel",
"word": "ealfelo"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "slaughter-cruel",
"word": "wælfel"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "*fel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
"< *fele",
"or borrowed from Dutch"
],
"word": "fäl"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"< *fele",
"or borrowed from Dutch"
],
"word": "fel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "fal"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
"< *fele",
"or borrowed from Dutch"
],
"word": "fäl"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"< *fele",
"or borrowed from Dutch"
],
"word": "fel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "fale"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
"< *fele",
"or borrowed from Dutch"
],
"word": "fäl"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"< *fele",
"or borrowed from Dutch"
],
"word": "fel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "*fel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
"< *fele",
"or borrowed from Dutch"
],
"word": "fäl"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"< *fele",
"or borrowed from Dutch"
],
"word": "fel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"raw_tags": [
"[1404]",
"hapax",
"presumed inherited",
"if not borrowed from Middle Dutch"
],
"sense": "terrible",
"word": "*fele"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"or from Middle Dutch?"
],
"sense": "fiercely",
"word": "velike"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "fel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"or from Middle Dutch?"
],
"sense": "fiercely",
"word": "velike"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"or from Middle Dutch?"
],
"sense": "godless, evil",
"word": "vil"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*feli"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"or from Middle Dutch?"
],
"sense": "fiercely",
"word": "velike"
}
],
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"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "fel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"or from Middle Dutch?"
],
"sense": "fiercely",
"word": "velike"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"or from Middle Dutch?"
],
"sense": "godless, evil",
"word": "vil"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
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"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*fel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "fel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French"
],
"sense": "cruel, wicked, embittered",
"word": "fel"
}
],
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"lang_code": "odt",
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"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*feli"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "fel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
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"reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French"
],
"sense": "cruel, wicked, embittered",
"word": "fel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
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"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*fel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "fel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French"
],
"sense": "cruel, wicked, embittered",
"word": "fel"
}
],
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"lang_code": "odt",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*felli"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "velheit"
},
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"[± 1340",
"Minnereden]",
"or from Middle Dutch?"
],
"sense": "wickedness",
"word": "felheit"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"[± 1340",
"Minnereden]",
"reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French"
],
"sense": "cruel, heartless, evil",
"word": "vel"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*feli"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "velheit"
},
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"[± 1340",
"Minnereden]",
"or from Middle Dutch?"
],
"sense": "wickedness",
"word": "felheit"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"[± 1340",
"Minnereden]",
"reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French"
],
"sense": "cruel, heartless, evil",
"word": "vel"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*fel"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*fali"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fell"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fell"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French fel"
],
"sense": "wicked, treacherous",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "ælfæle"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "all-cruel",
"word": "ealfelo"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "slaughter-cruel",
"word": "wælfel"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "*fæle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fell"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fell"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French fel"
],
"sense": "wicked, treacherous",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "ælfæle"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "all-cruel",
"word": "ealfelo"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "slaughter-cruel",
"word": "wælfel"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "*felo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fell"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "fel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "fell"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French fel"
],
"sense": "wicked, treacherous",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "ælfæle"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "all-cruel",
"word": "ealfelo"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "slaughter-cruel",
"word": "wælfel"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "*fel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
"< *fele",
"or borrowed from Dutch"
],
"word": "fäl"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"< *fele",
"or borrowed from Dutch"
],
"word": "fel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "fal"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
"< *fele",
"or borrowed from Dutch"
],
"word": "fäl"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"< *fele",
"or borrowed from Dutch"
],
"word": "fel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "fale"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
"< *fele",
"or borrowed from Dutch"
],
"word": "fäl"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
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"raw_tags": [
"< *fele",
"or borrowed from Dutch"
],
"word": "fel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "*fel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
"< *fele",
"or borrowed from Dutch"
],
"word": "fäl"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"< *fele",
"or borrowed from Dutch"
],
"word": "fel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"raw_tags": [
"[1404]",
"hapax",
"presumed inherited",
"if not borrowed from Middle Dutch"
],
"sense": "terrible",
"word": "*fele"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"or from Middle Dutch?"
],
"sense": "fiercely",
"word": "velike"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "fel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"or from Middle Dutch?"
],
"sense": "fiercely",
"word": "velike"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"or from Middle Dutch?"
],
"sense": "godless, evil",
"word": "vil"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*feli"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"or from Middle Dutch?"
],
"sense": "fiercely",
"word": "velike"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "fel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "fell"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"or from Middle Dutch?"
],
"sense": "fiercely",
"word": "velike"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"or from Middle Dutch?"
],
"sense": "godless, evil",
"word": "vil"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*fel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "fel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French"
],
"sense": "cruel, wicked, embittered",
"word": "fel"
}
],
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"lang_code": "odt",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*feli"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "fel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
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"reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French"
],
"sense": "cruel, wicked, embittered",
"word": "fel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*fel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "fel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
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"reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French"
],
"sense": "cruel, wicked, embittered",
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}
],
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"lang_code": "odt",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*felli"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "velheit"
},
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"[± 1340",
"Minnereden]",
"or from Middle Dutch?"
],
"sense": "wickedness",
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}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"[± 1340",
"Minnereden]",
"reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French"
],
"sense": "cruel, heartless, evil",
"word": "vel"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*feli"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "velheit"
},
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"[± 1340",
"Minnereden]",
"or from Middle Dutch?"
],
"sense": "wickedness",
"word": "felheit"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"[± 1340",
"Minnereden]",
"reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French"
],
"sense": "cruel, heartless, evil",
"word": "vel"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*fel"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*falu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pelh₁-",
"t": "to fear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁- (“to fear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*polšiti",
"t": "to scare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fæla",
"t": "to frighten"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fæla (“to frighten”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. From the same root as *fēlaz (“terrifying”) (which see for more detail), possibly Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁- (“to fear”), found also in Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”), *pȏlxъ (“afraid; fearful, timid”) and Old Norse fæla (“to frighten”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "faluz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "falī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "falų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "falų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "falis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "falis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "faljô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "falini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "falini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "falinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "falinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "faljammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "West Germanic"
},
"expansion": "(West Germanic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/faluz",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "fēlaz"
},
{
"word": "fēlijaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Germanic u-stem adjectives",
"Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/ɑ.luz",
"Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/ɑ.luz/2 syllables",
"West Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"terrible; cruel; bad; baleful"
],
"links": [
[
"terrible",
"terrible"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"baleful",
"baleful"
]
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸɑ.luz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑ.luz"
}
],
"word": "faluz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for faluz meaning in All languages combined (24.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.